Pregnancies With A High Risk of Preterm Birth: Definition, Causes, Risks & Symptoms
If you’ve found yourself here, you’ve likely been told you may deliver early, or you’ve already welcomed your little one ahead of schedule. We want you to know that you’re not alone. Our community is here to walk this journey with you—offering support, understanding, and hope
Defining Preterm Birth
The World Health Assembly (the decision-making body of WHO) provided the first definition of preterm birth in 1948. Today, this is the most extensively used and accepted definition of preterm birth.
The average pregnancy lasts for approximately 37 to 42 weeks. Every baby born before completion of 37 weeks of pregnancy (also called weeks of gestation) is considered as preterm.
The following subcategories are used for further distinction:
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extremely preterm: less than 28 weeks of gestation
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very preterm: 28 to less than 32 weeks of gestation
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moderate to late preterm: 32 to less than 37 weeks of gestation
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late preterm may still be differed with referring to 34-37 weeks of gestation
Preterm babies are also differentiated in terms of unusually small body length and weight for the number of weeks of pregnancy (gestation period, also called gestational age). Babies born preterm have much higher rates of low birthweight. Low birthweight refers to babies who are born weighing less than 2,500 grams (about 5.51 pounds), very low birthweight to babies with a birth weight less than 1,500 grams (about 3.30 pounds). The concept of small for gestational age describes babies who are smaller than the usual average for the number of weeks of pregnancy.
What are some of the causes of premature birth?
In Canada, 1 in 12 live births are preterm, which means before 37 weeks gestation.
It’s important to be informed.
The Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Canada states the following as being the most common causes of premature birth:
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Not having regular prenatal care
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The mother having high blood pressure
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A great deal of stress in the mother’s life
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Physical abuse from a partner or someone else
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Expecting multiples
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Having had a previous baby that was born too early
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A body weight of less than 45.5 kg (100 pounds)
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Living with a chronic illness
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Smoking
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Working long hours (more than 8 hours a day or shift work), or work that is physically strenuous
HELLP Syndrome and Pre-eclampsia: Leading Causes of Preterm Birth
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What is RSV?Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a virus that causes cold and flu-like illness. For most healthy adults, RSV might feel like a cold. But RSV in babies and young children can be more serious.
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How common is RSV in babies?RSV is very common in babies and children. Almost all babies and children will have had an RSV infection by the time they are 2. RSV is most common in the fall and winter months.
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How do babies get RSV?The RSV virus spreads through droplets produced by coughs and sneezes. The most common way we get sick from RSV is by touching our nose, eyes and mouth with germs on our hands. RSV can live on surfaces for many hours. Premature babies are especially at risk of RSV because they have trouble fighting infections.
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Can I prevent my baby from getting RSV?Most babies and young children will get RSV sometime during the first two years of life. It is important to protect all babies, especially premature babies, from RSV as best we can during their first winter. Here are some ways you can help prevent your baby from getting RSV: Always wash your hands with soap and water before you touch your baby. Wash your hands after you blow your nose, sneeze, or cough. Do not smoke or let others smoke around your baby or in your home. Keep your baby away from anyone who is sick. If you are sick, do not kiss your baby. Keep your baby away from crowded places such as daycare centers, shopping malls, and large family gatherings. Ask your healthcare provider if your baby should get RSV prevention medicine
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How sick can my baby get from RSV?RSV will cause a bad cold for most babies. Some babies will get very sick from RSV. Babies born very prematurely, with breathing problems, certain heart problems or other medical conditions, are at the highest risk of getting very sick. RSV can cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis, serious lung and airway complications. If this happens, most babies need to be admitted to the hospital, and some need oxygen or breathing help.
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What are the signs and symptoms of RSV in babies?Some babies with RSV will only have cold symptoms like a runny nose. Other symptoms of RSV include: Fever Cough Problems with breathing (fast breathing or working hard to breathe) Whistling or wheezing noise when breathing Trouble feeding
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What should I do if my baby gets sick with a cold?Always call your baby's healthcare provider if your baby seems sick, is not eating well, is irritable, and has a runny nose If your baby has a fever or a cough, go to the hospital If your baby looks blue, has difficulty breathing, or stops breathing, call 911
**For those diagnosed with pre-eclampsia or postpartum pre-eclampsia
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A history of preeclampsia doubles the risk of heart attack, stroke and blood clots within 5 to 15 years after pregnancy.
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Women who have repeat or severe pre-eclampsia or pre-eclampsia accompanied by stillbirth are at greater risk of heart disease than women who have high blood pressure only or pre-eclampsia during a single pregnancy.
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Many women may not be aware that pre-eclampsia and other pregnancy complications can signal heart disease risk. A study found that 13 percent of women screened for heart disease risk factors during an OB/GYN visit had three or more cardiovascular disease risk factors they were not aware of.
If you have ever had pre-eclampsia, it is vital your primary care doctor is aware of your heart disease risk factor. Your health care professional can help you determine next steps for your heart health. (The Link Between Preeclampsia And Heart Disease).
It’s essential to understand that conditions like HELLP syndrome, pre-eclampsia and postpartum pre-eclampsia are not caused by anything a mother/pregnant person does or fails to do. These are complex medical conditions that can occur during pregnancy, influenced by factors beyond anyone’s control. No mother/pregnant person should carry the burden of blame for these health issues. The focus should always be on support and treatment, not fault. Pregnant individuals facing these challenges deserve compassion, proper medical care, and understanding from their loved ones and healthcare providers. It's crucial to approach these situations with empathy, offering support and reassurance, reinforcing that they are not responsible for these unforeseen complications.
Preventing Preterm Birth
You may have heard that you might be at high risk for a preterm birth, or you have had a previous premature baby, if so, this infographic will be helpful for you.
A preterm birth can present unique challenges, but remember, you are not alone. A strong network of medical professionals, family, and friends are ready to support you and your family.
Helpful reminders:
Although every pregnancy is different it is important that you take care of yourself, both your physical and mental health.
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Keep all scheduled appointments with your doctor or healthcare provider.
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Have a health plan that includes healthy weight gain, good nutrition, and safe exercise.
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If you have a pre-existing medical condition talk to your doctor or any medical specialists involved your care.
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Ask questions, talk about your concerns, you are not bothering your healthcare team.
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Reach out to support groups, connect with other parents who have experienced similar journeys, and draw strength from their stories.
New! Infographic: Identifying Risks of Preterm Birth
We created a preterm birth Infographic which will provide you with more important information on how to decrease the risk of having a preterm baby.
PDF format 422 KB (1 page)
For more information, please visit the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Canada information page: https://www.pregnancyinfo.ca/
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