Preterm Labour: Early Indicators, Expectations & Resources for Parents

Preterm labour occurs when your body begins the process of giving birth earlier than expected, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. This means the cervix starts to open (dilate) and contractions begin too soon, potentially leading to an early delivery.

Babies born prematurely, especially before 37 weeks, may face health challenges. The earlier the birth, the higher the likelihood of complications. Preterm babies often need specialized medical care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to support their growth and development. Common risks for premature babies include respiratory issues, feeding difficulties, and developmental delays. Preterm babies may have to stay in the hospital longer after the mother/birthing parent goes home.

While preterm labour can happen to anyone, certain factors increase the risk, including:

• History of previous preterm births

• Carrying twins, triplets, or more

• Certain medical conditions (e.g., infections, high blood pressure)

• Smoking, drug use, or excessive stress

• Not eating enough healthy food

• Have a lot of stress in their life

• Have had several miscarriages

• Doing strenuous work

• Being underweight or overweight during pregnancy

• Being born premature

Although not all causes of preterm labour are preventable, you can reduce your risk by:

• Attending all prenatal appointments for early detection of potential issues

• Maintaining a healthy diet and staying active (as recommended by your healthcare provider)

• If you smoke, try to quit or cut down

• Managing chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension

• Reducing stress through relaxation techniques, counseling, or support groups

• Listen to your body, mention changes to your health practitioner

Recognizing the signs of preterm labour is key to getting help quickly. Symptoms include:

• Regular or frequent contractions (even if painless)

• Lower back pain or pelvic pressure

• Abdominal cramping or diarrhea

• A change in vaginal discharge (watery, mucous-like, or bloody)

• Fluid leakage from the vagina (which could indicate your water has broken)

• A feeling that your baby is “pushing down”

If you believe you are experiencing preterm labour, contact your healthcare provider or go to the hospital immediately. Timely intervention is crucial to ensure both you and your baby receive the necessary care.

If you are in preterm labour, your healthcare team will assess the situation through physical exams, ultrasounds, and monitoring your contractions. Depending on the stage of your labour and your baby’s health, they may attempt to delay birth through medications like steroids to strengthen the baby’s lungs or medications to stop contractions. In some cases, bed rest or hospitalization may be required.